The transfer of trust: ethnicities as economic institutions in the livestock trade in West and East Africa.
ABSTRACT This article explores the role of ethnic identity in the framework of the livestock trade in West and East Africa. It argues that ethnic identity was used as an instrument to build trust relationships that were vital to the development of pre-colonial livestock trade networks. With...

Diseased animals are being marketed for food. (Medicine & Health).
A SICK COW, too weak to stand, is pulled off a track by a tractor and chain, then falls four feet to the ground. A frail, day-old calf is dragged through the auction ring by a back leg, while another calf lies comatose in a corner. These scenes are...

Cowboys of Madagascar.
To young Malagasy men, driving cattle hundreds of kilometres from the island's wild, barren west to markets in the east represents a rite of passage and a chance to make enough money to be able to marry, Luke Freeman, an anthropologist at the London School of Economics and this...

How two cows make a crisis: U.S.-Canada trade relations and mad cow disease.
Introduction In 2003, Canada and the United States announced their first cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease. In May, a single infected cow was discovered in Alberta. In December, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced the U.S.'s first case: a dairy cow...

Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Association-government speech: it's what's for dinner!
In Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Assn, the United States Supreme Court upheld the beef checkoff program and effectively broadened the government speech doctrine. In a 6-3 decision, the Court held that the generic beef advertising program at issue was the government's own speech and therefore was exempt from the...

Papers please! Big farmer is watching.
BRANDI CALDERWOOD and her steer, Walker, were thrown out of the Colorado State Fair last year--not because Calderwood had cheated but because she hadn't registered Walker with the federal government. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is rolling out its National Animal Identification System (NAIS). The aim is...

PM Wen Jiabao of China gets new five-year term.
BEIJING, China (AP) -- Premier Wen Jiabao was appointed to a second five-year term as China's top economic official Sunday, leading efforts to cool soaring inflation and showcase the country to the world at the Beijing Olympics. Wen was named by China's ceremonial legislature as it approved...

A shortage of farmers.
Byline: JULIE YAP DAZA GO ahead, blame everybody. The 2 million babies born every year. The rice traders, hoarders and profiteers. The developers who build subdivisions instead of ricefields. NFA. Smugglers. The politics of rice. Then look at the farmer. Why is he so poor?...

The lamb import dispute revisited: Yoichiro Sato examines the US decision to end its trade dispute with Australia and New Zealand by accepting the WTO ruling on the lamb import tariff issue.
On 31 August 2001 the United States announced that as from the following 15 November it would lift the tariff rate quota imposed on lamb. imports from Australia and New Zealand. The announcement came long after the final May 2001 WTO ruling on the US appeal, which favoured Australia...

The Mason County "Hoo Doo" War, 1874-1902.
The Mason County "Hoo Doo" War, 1874-1902. By David Johnson. Foreword by Rick Miller. A. C. Greene Series. (Denton: University of North Texas Press, c. 2006. Pp. xiv, 332. $27.95, ISBN 1-57441-204-3.) While some sections of Texas experienced population growth and urbanization during the late nineteenth century,...