Environmental crimes.
I. INTRODUCTION A. Criminal versus Civil Penalties B. Enforcement C. Interaction with Other Criminal Violations II. GENERAL ISSUES A. Overview of Elements of Environmental Criminal Violations B. Liability 1. Corporate Liability 2. Individual Liability C. Common Defenses 1. Constitutional Defenses 2. Other Defenses D. Voluntary Compliance and Sentencing E....

Environmental crimes.
I. INTRODUCTION A. Criminal versus Civil Penalties B. Enforcement C. Interaction with Other Criminal Violations II. GENERAL ISSUES A. Overview of Elements of Environmental Criminal Violations B. Liability 1. Corporate Liability 2. Individual Liability C. Common Defenses 1. Constitutional Defenses 2. Other Defenses D. Voluntary Compliance and Sentencing E....

Toxic materials taint the lifeblood of our society.
Byline: Joe Thornton For The Register-Guard EUGENE IS FULL of healthy people who eat organic food, and the pulp mills are all downstream from here. So you might think that our bodies ought to be more or less free of toxic chemicals. Three scientific studies...

Feminism and the grass roots: women and environmentalism in Nova Scotia, 1980-1983.
This paper is based on a case study of women's participation in a popular movement to oppose uranium mining in Nova Scotia in 19811983. We use the case study to bring into question recent literature on women's involvement in the American anti-toxics movement of the same period. The anti-toxics...

PRO & CON.
Should nicotine replacement therapy be used during pregnancy? YES Women who smoke during pregnancy assume a large risk of serious complications, and smoking cessation is one of the most important things a pregnant smoker can do. Some women do quit smoking during pregnancy, but many...

The Arctic environmental protection strategy, Arctic council and multilateral environmental initiatives: tinkering while the Arctic marine environment totters.
INTRODUCTION The Arctic marine environment is not pristine, as commonly imagined, but is facing numerous pressures, (1) the most serious arguably coming from outside the region. Melting of sea ice, linked to global warming, threatens the long-term survival of various species including polar bears (2) and has...

Governance for sound chemicals management: the need for a more comprehensive global strategy.
The upcoming United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), in Johannesburg, August-September 2002, will be an important occasion to assess global progress in dealing with environment and development issues and to determine future priorities. In the aftermath of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)...

Bad policy: CERCLA's amended liability for new purchasers.
I. INTRODUCTION One of the most significant environmental issues facing the United States today is the abandonment or underutilization of land feared to be contaminated by hazardous materials. Such sites, known as "brownfields," are blamed for a variety of ills. Beyond posing risks to human...

The health effects of asbestos. (Technical Briefs).
Compiled by Pascale Krumm, Ph.D., Office of Policy and External Affairs Asbestos is a fibrous substance classified as a human carcinogen. Asbestos fibers can enter the body through inhalation or ingestion. Because the body cannot break down or eliminate asbestos fibers once they enter the lungs or body tissues,...

Fluoride and the phosphate connection.
Cities all over the US purchase hundreds of thousands of gallons of fresh pollution concentrate from Florida -- fluorosilicic acid ([H.sub.2][SiF.sub.6]) -- to fluoridate water. Fluorosilicic acid is composed of tetrafluorosiliciate gas and other species of fluorine gases captured in pollution scrubbers and concentrated into a 23%...