Global constitutionalism and the arguments over free trade.
In one of the most dramatic public demonstrations since the end of the Vietnam War, more than 40,000 citizens filled the streets of Seattle, Washington in the closing weeks of the twentieth century to protest against the World Trade Organization (WTO) and corporate globalization. The protesters' main claim was...

Introduction: the challenges of globalization for workers: transnational and transborder issues.
THE PROTESTS AGAINST THE INTERNATIONAL. MONETARY FUND (IMF) AND WORLD Bank (WB) meetings in Washington, D.C., in September 2002, and the protests a year later at the meeting of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Cancun, Mexico, are powerful testimony of the increasing challenge economic globalization poses in our...

No deals.
After GATT, let's give unilateralism a chance. BOTH THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION and the world are possessed by trade agreement mania. Immediately before and after passing the GATT pact, Clinton attended international summit meetings and came out with the promise of future trade treaties analogous to last year's North American...

Is this land really our land? Impacts of free trade agreements on U.S. environmental protection.
I. Introduction A new economic order of liberalized trade for the North American continent is imminent, but it might usher in a bleak new environmental, order. Negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) concluded on October 9, 1992, when the trade ministers of the United...

The NAFTA chapter 11 expropriation debate through the eyes of a property theorist.
I. INTRODUCTION II. BACKGROUND ON NAFTA CHAPTER 11 III. THE FUNDAMENTAL THEORETICAL DISTINCTION BETWEEN "DIRECT EXPROPRIATION" AND "INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION" OR "MEASURES TANTAMOUNT TO EXPROPRIATION IV. CONSEQUENCES OF THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN "EXPROPRIATION" AND "INDIRECT EXPROPRIATION" OR "MEASURES TANATAMOUNT TO EXPROPRIATION" FOR CONCEPTUALIZATION OF NAFTA ARTICLE 1110 ISSUES A. The Split...

Free trade agreements threaten access to medicines.
"We are here to protest the onslaught of the pharmaceutical industry and its mortal toll." --Unnikrshnan, PHA2 coordinator of communications New obstacles to accessing essential medicines are on the horizon in the form of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) that are opening the door to stringent...

Álvaro Uribe seeks justice and peace: in an interview with Americas, Colombian president Álvaro Uribe reveals his plans for eradicating guerrillas, paramilitaries, and drug trafficking, while advancing free trade and democracy.
Américas magazine spoke with President Álvaro Uribe Velez at a time when two issues were dominating the news in Colombia: peace negotiations with illegal armed groups, and the signing of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States. As we were writing the introduction to this interview, Uribe...

Finality versus consistency: does investor-state arbitration need an appellate system?
I. INTRODUCTION Investor-state arbitration is so new that the vast majority of claims and decisions in this area have only occurred in the last six or seven years, and many areas of the law and procedure remain to be developed. The combination of international commercial arbitration procedure...

Canada and the U.S.: a seamless energy border? (The Border Papers).
In this issue ... The energy economies of Canada and the United States have become closely integrated. For the past decade energy trade has grown significantly and become more market based, stimulated by deregulation and underwritten by the North American Free Trade Agreement. This has generated substantial...

Effect of the independence of Quebec upon treaties and agreements with the United States of America.
Introduction Following the very close results of the 1995 Referendum on Quebec's independence, and with the expectation of another referendum to be held within the next few years, a practical and informed consideration of the effect that independence would have on the 272 bilateral treaties and other...